Angklung

Angklung
Angklung is a musical instrument multitonal (double pitched) is traditionally grown in the Sundanese-speaking community in the western part of Java Island. This musical instrument made ​​of bamboo, sounded shaken by the way (the sound caused by impact bodies of bamboo pipes) so as to produce a vibrating sound in the arrangement of tones 2, 3, and 4 tones in every size, both large and small. Angklung is listed as Masterpieces of the Oral and Cultural Heritage of UNESCO Human Nonbendawi since November 2010.

The originsChildren playing angklung of West Java in the early 20th century.
There is no indication since when angklung used, but supposedly primitive forms have been used in Neolithic culture that developed in the archipelago until the beginning of the modern calendar, so that angklung is part of the relics of pre-culture of Hinduism in the archipelago.
Notes on the emerging angklung referring to the Kingdom of Sunda (the 12th century until the 16th century). The origin of the creation of the music of bamboo, such as the angklung is based on the view that the agrarian life of the Sunda with the lifeblood of rice (pare) as a staple food. This gave rise to the myth of confidence in Sri Nyai Pohaci as a symbol of life-giving Goddess of Rice (breathe-hurip). Bedouin society, which is regarded as the remnants of the original Sundanese, apply angklung as part of the ritual began planting rice. Gubrag angklung game in Jasinga, Bogor, is one that is still alive since more than 400 years ago. Appearance of the rite begins with rice. Angklung is created and played for Dewi Sri lure down to earth so that the people of rice plants to flourish.
Species of bamboo which is used as the instrument is a black bamboo (awi wulung) and white bamboo (awi friend). Each tone (barrel) resulting from the sound of tube-shaped bamboo slats (wilahan) each segment of bamboo from small to large sizes.
Known by the Sundanese since the Sunda kingdom, of which as penggugah spirit in battle. Angklung as a function of pumping the spirit of the people still continued to feel until the colonial period, that is why the Dutch government could ban the use of angklung, the ban could make angklung popularity declined and only played by children at that time. [Citation needed]
The next song offerings to Dewi Sri is accompanied by the sound of percussion accompaniment made of bamboo poles are simple packaged structure which then was born the bamboo musical instrument we know today called angklung. Similarly, at the time of harvest festival and is dedicated game angklung seren epidemic. Especially in the presentation ceremony Angklung related to rice, this art became a nature show or helaran procession, even in some places into the convoy and Dongdang Rengkong and Jampana (stretcher food) and so on.
During its development, angklung evolved and spread throughout Java, and Borneo and Sumatra. In 1908 recorded a cultural mission from Indonesia to Thailand, among others, characterized the submission angklung, bamboo music and games also had spread there.
In fact, since 1966, Udjo Ngalagena angklung figures who developed the technique based on the barrel-barrel game pelog, salendro, and madenda-start teaching how to play angklung to many people from various communities.

Angklung types
1.Angklung KanekesAngklung Kanekes area (we often call them the Bedouin) are used primarily in connection with the rites of rice, not solely for the entertainment of people. Angklung is used or is sounded when they grow rice in the field for dry rice cultivation (fields). Beating the angklung when there are only growing rice sounded free (dikurulungkeun), especially in Kajeroan (Tangtu; Baduy Jero), and there is a certain rhythm, which is in Kaluaran (Outer Baduy). Nevertheless, it can still be displayed on the outside but still have a rite paddy rules, for example, may only be beaten by the ngubaran pare (treating rice), about three months from the time planted rice. After that, during the next six months all the arts should not be played, and can be played again on the next rice planting season. Closing the angklung performed with a show called musungkeun angklung, which nitipkeun (left, save) angklung after use.
In serving the entertainment, Angklung usually held at full moon and no rain. They play the angklung in the game (the page in the rural area) while singing various songs, among others: monkey Kasarung, Yandu Bibi, Yandu Sala, Ceuk Arileu, Oray-orayan, Dengdang, Yari Gandang, Oyong-Bangkong squash, Kula Agency, Kokoloyoran, Swing, swing, Pileuleuyan, Gandrung Manggu, Rujak Gadung, Mulung Muncang, giler, Ngaranggeong, Aceukna, Marengo, Salak Sadapur, Rangda Ngendong, Celementre, Keupat Reundang, Papacangan, and Culadi Dengdang. The drummers angklung eight people and three drummers drum small size makes the standing position while walking in a circle formation. Meanwhile, the other one ngalage (dance) with certain movements that have the raw but simple. Everything is done only by men. This is in contrast to the Daduy in, they are limited by the customary rules pamali (abstinence; taboo), should not be doing things the excessive pleasures. Art solely for ritual purposes.
The names of angklung in Kanekes of the biggest is: ovarian, ringkung, Dongdong, gossip, engklok, ovarian leutik, torolok, and Roel. Roel which consists of 2 pieces of angklung is held by a. The names of the longest drum are: drum, talingtit, and tap. The use of drum instruments there is a difference, namely in the villages they used drum Kaluaran of 3 pieces. In Kajeroan; Cikeusik village, just use a drum and talingtit, without tap. In Kajeroan, Cibeo village, just use the drum, without talingtit and percussion.
In Kanekes the angklung is a person entitled to make Kajeroan (Tangtu; Baduy Jero). Kajeroan consists of three villages, namely Cibeo, Cikartawana, and Cikeusik. In all three villages are not everyone can make it, only the right to have offspring and are working on in addition to the terms of the ritual. Makers in Cikeusik famous angklung is Amir's father (59), and the father Cikartawana Tarnah. People buy from people Kajeroan Kaluaran in the three villages. 

2. Angklung Dogdog Lojor

Lojor dogdog art contained in the Kasepuhan Pancer Pangawinan or South Banten customs union scattered around the Mist Mountain (adjacent to Jakarta, Bogor, and the valley). Although this art is called dogdog lojor, the name of one of the instruments in it, but there are also used angklung because the rituals related to rice. Once a year, after harvest the whole community events, or Seren Taun Taun to Deliver on customary village center. Traditional village center as a place of residence kokolot (elders) where they are always moving as directed supernatural.

Tradition of respect for the people of rice is still carried out because they include people who still adhere to old customs. By tradition they claim to be descendants of the officers and soldiers in the palace Pajajaran baresan Pangawinan (soldier armed with a lance). Kasepuhan community has embraced Islam and somewhat open to the influence of modernization, as well as matters of entertainment pleasures can be enjoyed. This attitude also affect the function of art in terms since about the 1970s, dogdog lojor has been progressing, which is used to enliven the circumcision of children, marriage, and other festive events. Instruments used in the art are two pieces dogdog lojor dogdog lojor and 4 pieces of angklung. These four pieces of angklung has a name, the largest so-called bark, then panembal, kingking, and inclok. Each instrument is played by one, so that all six people.

Songs include dogdog lojor Bale Agung, Side Hideung, shaky-shaky Papanganten, Si Kawung stumps, Adulilang, and Adu-complaint. These songs form a rhythmic vocal dogdog and tend remains the angklung.

3. Angklung Gubrag
Angklung gubrag Cipining there in the village, district Cigudeg, Bogor. Angklung is already old and used to honor the goddess of rice in the activities imple pare (rice), ngunjal pare (transporting rice), and ngadiukeun (put) into leuit (barn).

In the myth angklung gubrag started there was a time when the village Cipining had a bad season.

4. Angklung Badeng
Badeng is a type of art that emphasizes the angklung musical terms as a primary instrument. Sanding Badeng contained in the Village, District Malangbong, Garut. It used to serve as entertainment for the sake of Islam. But is thought to have been used Badeng of society since long before Islam for events related to rice planting ritual. As a trusted art to preach Badeng developed since Islam spread in the area around the 16th century or 17th. At that time the population Sanding, Arpaen and Nursaen, studied Islamic religion to the kingdom of Demak. After returning from their preaching Demak spread Islam. One of the tools it uses to spread Islam is the art Badeng.

Angklung is used as many as nine, which is 2 Roel angklung, angklung intelligences 1, 4 angklung angklung ovaries and father, two children angklung; 2 dogdog fruit, fruit flies or gembyung 2, and 1 kecrek. Sundanese language text is mixed with Arabic. In development now also used Indonesian language. Contains the text content of Islamic values ​​and good counsels, and according to the needs of the event. In addition to presenting performances of songs, also presented his supernatural powers attractions, such as slicing the body with a sharp weapon.

Badeng songs: Lailahaileloh, Ya'ti, Kasreng, Yautike, Lilimbungan, Solaloh.

5. Buncis
Buncis are a performing arts entertainment, among which there are at Baros (Arjasari, London). In the beginning of beans used at events associated with rice agriculture. But in the present buncis is used as an art of entertainment. This is related to the changing view of society that began less heed to the things smelly old beliefs. In the 1940s can be regarded as the end of the ritual functions in respect of rice green beans, because beans have since turned into live entertainment. In line with that of rice storage places too (leuit; barn) started to disappear from people's homes, replaced with sack places more practical, and easy to carry everywhere. Rice are now many direct sale, not stored in the barn. Thus the art of buncis that had been used for events ngunjal (carrying rice) is not needed anymore.
Name of the buncis associated with an art song texts are well known among the people, namely cis nyengcle buncis ... and so on. The text contained in the buncis art, so art is called a chickpea.
Instruments used in the arts buncis are 2 ovaries angklung, angklung ambrug 2, panempas angklung, angklung pancer 2, 1 angklung enclok. Then 3 pieces dogdog, consisting of 1 talingtit, panembal, and badublag. In its development, then added with tarompet, kecrek, and goong. Angklung barreled salendro buncis with song vocals can be barreled madenda or gamelan. Songs include buncis: Badud, Buncis, Renggong, Senggot, Jalantir, Jangjalik, Ela-ell, Mega Beureum. Now the songs are buncis have used the songs of the gamelan, with singers who had boys angklung players, now by a special lady to sing.
Of the several types of bamboo music in West Java (Angklung) above, are a few examples of the art of angklung performances, which consist of: Angklung Buncis (Priangan / London), Angklung Badud (East Priangan / Ciamis), Angklung Bungko (Indramayu), Angklung Gubrag (Bogor), Angklung Ciusul (Bantam), Angklung Dog dog lojor (Sukabumi), Angklung Badeng (Malangbong, Garut), and Angklung Angklung Padaeng identical with diatonic scales with the National, which developed since 1938. Angklung is derived from the typical Indonesia Sundanese angklung development. Sundanese angklung who pitched five (salendro or slendro) by Sutigna alias Daeng Etjle Si (1908-1984) changed his tone to Western scales (solmisasi) so that it can play a variety of other songs. Investment results and then taught to school students and played a big orchestra.












6. Angklung Padaeng
Angklung Padaeng was introduced by Daeng Soetigna since about 1938. Breakthrough in Padaeng angklung tone diatonic tunings are used in accordance with the system of western music. Thus, the angklung is now able to play international songs, and also can play in ensemble with other international instruments.

In accordance with Teori_musik, angklung Padaeng specifically made into two major types namely:

     * Angklung melody, which is physically angklung consists of two or more tube sound, with a different tone one octave. At one unit angklung, generally there is:
           o Angklung little melody, consisting of 31 angklung.
           o Angklung great melody, also called bass-party, consisting of 11 angklung.
     * Accompaniment angklung, angklung is used as an accompanist to play harmony notes. Voice tube there are 3 or 4, according to the diatonic chords. An angklung standard unit typically have:
           o Angklung dominant chord accompaniment septim mayor as well, consisting of 12 pieces of angklung
           o minor accompaniment angklung, angklung consists of 12 pieces


Mr. Daeng use angklung creations to train children scout (scout earlier times). No wonder the songs they played the song while it is generally required. Some relics of the original arrangement Daeng Soetigna such as "One Nusa One Nation", "Mother We Kartini", or "Compulsory Education". Sometime in the 1980s, the KPA SMA 3 Bandung standing with young pioneers like Djoko, Budi Supardiman, and Asep Suhada. They began mengaranseman Padaeng angklung music for modern Indonesia as "September Ceria" (Vina_Panduwinata), "My God" (Ruth_Sahanaya) and "Bright" (Krakatau_ (grup_musik)), even venturing into international music ranging from "Yesterday" (Beatles ), "Another Day in Paradise" (Phil_Collins), to "Bohemian Rhapsody" (Queen).

How To Play the Angklung
Plays a very easy angklung. A person living in one of the frame holding the hand (usually left hand) so that the angklung hang freely, while the other hand (usually right hand) shake it up to read. In this case, there are three basic techniques to shake angklung:

     * Kurulung (vibration), is the most common technique used, where the right hand holding the tube base and moving from side to side several times over the tone to be played.
     * Centok (snapped), is a technique where the basic tube is pulled quickly by a finger into the palm of his right hand, so the angklung will beep once (stacato).
     * Tengkep, much like kurulung but one did not participate tabug held vibrating. In the angklung melody, this technique causes the angklung mengeluarka pure tone (single tone melodies, not two as usual). Meanwhile, the major accompaniment angklung, the technique used to play a major chord (3 tones), otherwise the termainkan ditengkep is the dominant chord septim (4 tones).

Meanwhile, to play the angklung unit to deliver a song, it will take a lot of musicians led by a conductor. At each musician will be distributed one to four angklung with different tones. Then the conductor will prepare the scores of songs, with text message tones to be played. Conductor will give the signal, and each musician must play angklungnya with appropriate tone and beat of the requested length of the conductor. In this play the player must also consider the continuous technique, the tone is sounded only be stopped immediately after the next start beeping tone. 



Reference:
http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angklung